Indian Science Technology and Engineering facilities Map
 
Supplier Map
Service Map

Publications

Publication Details

Applicant:
Central University of Tamil Nadu 
Author:
Ramkumar, M., Santosh, M., AbdulRahaman, S., Balasundareshwaran, A., Balasubramani, K., et al. 
Corresponding Authors:
Ramkumar, M. 
DOI #:
https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3520 
Title:
Tectono-morphological evolution of the Cauvery, Vaigai and Thamirabarani river basins: Implications on timing, stratigraphic markers, relative roles of intrinsic and extrinsic factors and transience of southern Indian landscape 
Journal:
Geological Journal 
Year:
2019 
Volume:
54 
Page:
2870-2911 
Keywords:
Climate forcing, inherited structures and palaeosols, landscape evolution, river basin, Southern India, tectonic continuum 
Abstract:
Peninsular India is an amalgam of transient landscapes evolved from the interactions between tectonic and climatic forcings. In order to appraise the tectono‐geomorphic evolution of South India, it is essential to understand the relationships between intrinsic and extrinsic processes and their geomorphic expressions at a river basin scale. Seven geomorphometric parameters, namely, longitudinal profile (Lp), asymmetry factor (Af), hypsometric curve and hypsometric integral (HI), mountain front sinuosity (Smf), river sinuosity (R), stream length gradient (Sl), and shape factor (Shp) were calculated for selected drainage basins of South India. Spatial analyses of these parameters in the light of systematic field mapping were attempted in this study. The results show the occurrences of southern sub‐basins with convex hypsometric curves indicating a youth stage and significant tectonic influence. The low and moderate Smf values within the basins are indicative of mountain fronts witnessing a high level of tectonic activity. The net effects of tectonic and geomorphometric processes are inferred to have been the responses of anti‐clockwise rotation of the Indian Plate and ridge uplift‐push from west. Directional change in Thamirabarani River Basin and drainage channel reorganizations in the Cauvery and Vaigai River basins stand testimony to these, among others. Amidst these, occurrences of tectonically quiescent regions and multiple incisions by river channels and flow of modern river channels in inherited palaeovalleys but on tangent directions of ancient flows are also observed. Five stages of landscape development are envisaged: First, inheritance of river basins from palaeodrainage systems; second, reversal of river flow directions during early part of Cenozoic and inception of evolution of modern river systems; third, during Miocene–Pliocene; fourth, during Pleistocene–Early Holocene; and fifth, during the Holocene–Anthropocene. The recent resurgence of tectonics is not only reflected in the shifting of axial rivers, but is also evidenced by seismicity and landslides/faulting. Together, transient nature of the Southern Indian Plate, first‐order control of tectonics, followed by climate and lithology over landscape evolution, inheritance of river valleys, synonymy of river basin responses to intrinsic and extrinsic geomorphic processes, however with unique signatures and basin‐scale responses, are inferred. Detailed morphometric studies and supplementation with precise age data may fine‐tune the proposed model. According to the model, inheritance of Mesozoic valley/structures during Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous, drainage reversal and initiation of Cenozoic–Recent river basin evolution, intense peneplanation during Miocene–Pliocene, intense incision during Pleistocene, periodic climatic extremes during Early Cenozoic, Palaeocene–Eocene, Oligocene and corresponding pedogenesis, and terrace formation and sedimentation have been recognized. Based on the numerical ages and documentation of basin‐scale distribution of specific types of lithologies/weathering profiles/palaeosols, provisionally we recognize the laterite/ferricrete–bauxite–calcrete 53–50 and 37–23 Ma to be the oldest weathering profiles, palaeosols (I generation palaeosols) of alluvial fans with texturally immature parent rock clasts to be of 23–9 Ma, palaeosols with intensive calcitized rootlets that are found to occur in fluvial terraces of palaeo‐floodplain/natural levee (II generation palaeosols) to be of 3.5–2.5 Ma, and relict alluvium that are documented in inland river terraces and older deltaic plains and calcareous sandstones that are documented in coastal terraces to be of ~1 Ma old and attribute them to be the results of significant climatic events and Early Cenozoic uplift of Western Ghat that proceeded from south–north and its intensive tilt toward east since 25 Ma until today at a rate of 0.1 mm/year to be tectonic events that have significantly contributed toward landscape development on basin‐regional scales and concur with the evolutionary stages proposed in our model. 
Entered by:
Balasubramani Karuppusamy on 2020-09-10 
 
THE VISION
THE MISSION
ABOUT I-STEM
It has always been the basic tenet of the Government of India, in generously funding R&D efforts at academic institutions over the years, that facilities established through such support be made available to those needing them and qualified to make use of them for their own research work
read more >>

However, this was never easy or straightforward for, among other reasons, there was no ready source of information of what facility was available and where. Thanks to the Web, it is much easier today to have a national and regional “inventory of resources”, so as to match users with the resources they need, and to do all this in an efficient and transparent manner.

This can lead to a leap in R&D productivity and greatly enhance the effectiveness of public investment. This is the motivation behind I-STEM.
read less <<
Visitor Hit Counter
Hosted at Indian Institute of Science
Copyright © 2024 I-STEM. All rights reserved.
Audited by: STQC Bengaluru.